Het smartmontools pakket bevat twee programma's (smartctl en smartd) om opslagmedia te controleren en op te volgen. De programma's maken gebruik van het in moderne ATA en SCSI ingebouwde Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology System (SMART) systeem. De smartmontools waarschuwen u op voorhand voor een op hand zijnde hard schijf catastrofe (verminderde betrouwbaarheid of volledige uitval).
Moderne Linux systemen zijn standaard uitgerust met geactiveerde smartmontools. Om te controleren of uw harde schijf SMART ondersteunt, start je de opdracht:
dany@laptop:~> sudo smartctl -i /dev/sda
root's password:
smartctl 6.2 2013-11-07 r3856 [x86_64-linux-4.1.26-21-default] (SUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: SAMSUNG MZ7TD256HAFV-000L9
Serial Number: S17LNSAF241936
LU WWN Device Id: 5 002538 500000000
Firmware Version: DXT02L5Q
User Capacity: 256,060,514,304 bytes [256 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4c
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri Jul 15 13:01:28 2016 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
De uitvoer toont allerlei informatie over de harde schijf. De voorlaatste regel geeft aan dat de harde schijf SMART ondersteunt. De laatste regel geeft aan dat SMART in ingeschakeld. Mocht SMART niet ingeschakeld zijn, schakel deze dan in met:
dany@laptop:~> sudo smartctl -s on /dev/sda
smartctl 6.2 2013-11-07 r3856 [x86_64-linux-4.1.26-21-default] (SUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
SMART Enabled.
Om de volledige SMART informatie van een SATA schijf weer te geven, start je de opdracht:
dany@laptop:~> sudo smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sda
smartctl 6.2 2013-11-07 r3856 [x86_64-linux-4.1.26-21-default] (SUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: SAMSUNG MZ7TD256HAFV-000L9
Serial Number: S17LNSAF241936
LU WWN Device Id: 5 002538 500000000
Firmware Version: DXT02L5Q
User Capacity: 256,060,514,304 bytes [256 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4c
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri Jul 15 13:52:07 2016 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (53956) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 40) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1993
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 1617
175 Program_Fail_Count_Chip 0x0032 100 100 010 Old_age Always - 0
176 Erase_Fail_Count_Chip 0x0032 100 100 010 Old_age Always - 0
177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 095 095 005 Pre-fail Always - 53
178 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Chip 0x0013 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
179 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot 0x0013 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
180 Unused_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot 0x0013 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 6240
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total 0x0032 100 100 010 Old_age Always - 0
182 Erase_Fail_Count_Total 0x0032 100 100 010 Old_age Always - 0
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0013 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0033 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0032 070 056 000 Old_age Always - 30
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
233 Media_Wearout_Indicator 0x003a 199 199 000 Old_age Always - 460801
234 Unknown_Attribute 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
235 Unknown_Attribute 0x0012 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 78
236 Unknown_Attribute 0x0012 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 29
237 Unknown_Attribute 0x0012 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 53
238 Unknown_Attribute 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 592 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 575 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
255 0 65535 Read_scanning was never started
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
Voor IDE schijven gebruik je de opdracht sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda.
De toestand van een harde schijf geef je weer met:
dany@laptop:~> sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda
smartctl 6.2 2013-11-07 r3856 [x86_64-linux-4.1.26-21-default] (SUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Als je in de uitvoer een fout (error) ziet opduiken, maak je best snel een back-up!!! En niet ter vervanging van de vorige back-up, maar een complete extra back-up. In panieksituaties (paniek is altijd een slechte raadgever) worden soms overhaaste en desastreuze beslissingen genomen.
Nu SMART actief is, kan je een aantal testen op uw harde schijf loslaten. Een overzicht van de testen, krijg je met:
dany@laptop:~> sudo smartctl -c /dev/sda
smartctl 6.2 2013-11-07 r3856 [x86_64-linux-4.1.26-21-default] (SUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (53956) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 40) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
Elke schijf kan een korte (short) en uitgebreide (long) test uitvoeren. Telkens staat vermeld hoelang de test in minuten zal duren. Bij ATA schijven bestaat er een transport (conveyance) test om te controleren of de schijf transportschade heeft opgelopen. Bijvoorbeeld van de fabrikant naar de verdeler of klant. Een korte test start je met:
dany@laptop:~> sudo smartctl --test short /dev/sda
smartctl 6.2 2013-11-07 r3856 [x86_64-linux-4.1.26-21-default] (SUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 2 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Fri Jul 15 14:20:59 2016
Use smartctl -X to abort test.
Daarbij kan je het type test (short) vervangen door long of conveyance. De testen worden steeds op de achtergrond uitgevoerd, waardoor je de voortgang niet op het scherm kunt volgen. Vraag het resultaat van een test op met:
dany@laptop:~> sudo smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
root's password:
smartctl 6.2 2013-11-07 r3856 [x86_64-linux-4.1.26-21-default] (SUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1993 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 592 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 575 -
Hoewel de uitvoer meestal heel duidelijk is, kan je bij twijfel steeds de handleiding raadplegen:
dany@laptop:~> man 8 smartctl
SMARTCTL(8) 2013-11-07 SMARTCTL(8)
NAME
smartctl - Control and Monitor Utility for SMART Disks
SYNOPSIS
smartctl [options] device
FULL PATH
/usr/sbin/smartctl
PACKAGE VERSION
smartmontools-6.2 2013-11-07 r3856
DESCRIPTION
[This man page is generated for the Linux version of smartmontools. It
does not contain info specific to other platforms.]
Manual page smartctl(8) line 1 (press h for help or q to quit)
Moderne distributies gebruiken de dienst (daemon) smartd om de gezondheid van uw harde schijven in het oog te houden. De status van deze dienst kan je opvragen met:
dany@laptop:~> systemctl status smartd.service -l
smartd.service - Self Monitoring and Reporting Technology (SMART) Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/smartd.service; enabled)
Active: active (running) since vr 2016-07-15 11:24:17 CEST; 3h 17min ago
Main PID: 805 (smartd)
CGroup: /system.slice/smartd.service
└─805 /usr/sbin/smartd -n
Meer informatie over de smartd dienst kan je opvragen met:
dany@laptop:~> man 8 smartd
En zijn configuratie met:
dany@laptop:~> man 5 smartd.conf
De meeste distributies leveren hier uitstekend werk.